EAR In traditional typesetting, the lower case "g" character frequently has a small line projecting from the part of it that rests above the baseline (i.e., the bowl, or counter). This projecting part is called the ear. See also BASELINE BOWL COUNTER LETTER

E-BOOK A book that is distributed either by CD-ROM (or similar storage media) or electronically via the Internet. In the latter case, the book may be e-mailed by the publisher or downloaded directly from the publisher's web site. In neither case does the e-book involve paper pages. See also CD-ROM D-BOOK e-DISTRIBUTION ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING

EDGES In book assembly and publishing, a term that denotes the three outer sides of the text block of a closed book. These include the fore edge, top edge (head), and bottom edge (foot). See also FRONT GAUFFERED EDGES TEXT BLOCK UNCUT

EDGE STAINING The process of coloring one or more of the trimmed edges of a finished book. A dye is applied to the edges by brushing, spraying, or sponging. If only the top is colored, it is called top-staining. See also EDGES GILT TOP STIPPLED EDGE

e-DISTRIBUTION A term to describe the delivery of digital products (i.e., products which can be digitized) by means of the Internet. Such products include books, magazines, newspapers, music, software, photography, and films. See also DIGITAL DOWNLOAD E-BOOK

EDIT To correct and make changes to a manuscript, or other existing document or file, in order to make it suitable for publication. This includes correcting misspellings, adding and deleting or changing words or phrases, and improving awkward construction. Such changes are often made with the help of an editor. See also COPY EDIT MANUSCRIPT TECHNICAL EDIT WORD PROCESSOR

Edit also means to collect or assemble materials for publication, such as a series of short stories. In addition, the term means to supervise the preparation of a newspaper magazine, or other publication. See also ASSEMBLE

EDITING The process of adding, deleting, correcting, or otherwise altering typed text. Also, the process of reading a manuscript or other typed work for grammar, composition, and content. The exercise includes writing in the margins of the work concerning deletions to make, possible factual errors, required improvements in sentence structure, and unnecessary words and phrases. See also COPYEDITING EDIT HOUSE STYLE IMAGE EDITOR POLISH REDLINING REVISION STYLE WORD PROCESSING

EDITION All printings of a book from the same original plates, type, etc. Once any changes have been made to the original materials, the next printing of the book will become a second edition. (A revised second edition will become a third edition, etc.) Any edition may be subject to several printings, particularly if there are no changes to incorporate. Edition is also used to denote a single copy. Large circulation magazines often have regional editions, enabling their advertisers to direct their messages to readers in specific regions. See also BOOK CLUB EDITION DEFINITIVE EDTION DELUXE EDITION EXPURGATED EDITION FACSIMILE EDITION FIRST EDITION IMPRESSION ISSUE LIBRARY EDITION LIMITED EDITION NEW EDITION PIRATED EDITION REISSUE REVISED EDITION SIMULTANEOUS EDITION SPLIT RUN TEXT EDITION UNAUTHORIZED EDITION

EDITION BINDING The business of binding identical books in volume, usually for a publisher or book club, as opposed to a an individual, or a library binding. Edition binding usually involves the production of the form of binding termed case binding, normally in a hard cover. An important feature of edition binding is its extensive use of automatic and semi-automatic machinery, some of which operates at high speed. As a result, edition binderies do not normally schedule productions runs of less than one or two thousand copies. Instead, such short runs are handled by job binders and, in some instances, library binders. See also BINDING BOOK CLUB EDITION CASE BINDING EDITION LIBRARY BINDING LIBRARY EDITION

EDITOR A person who bears responsibility for the management of the editorial function of a newspaper or publishing firm, and occasionally policy. Also, one who supervises a department of a magazine, newspaper, etc. In addition, one who edits material for publication. See also COPYEDITOR DEPARTMENT EDITOR EDIT

EDITORIAL An article in a newspaper, or other publication, that presents the publisher's opinion, or that of the editor. Also, anything perceived to resemble such an article, such as a lengthy, assertive statement. An editorial department of a publishing house is that unit or section, which bears responsibility for the content of the publisher's titles. It accomplishes this through its commissioning and acquiring of titles, as well as its efforts to ensure accuracy and completeness of the publications.

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Another term for secretary/clerk in an editing or publishing environment. The editorial assistant takes messages for the editor from aspiring authors, handles requests for payment, etc.

EDITOR-AT-LARGE An editor who can be assigned to various different tasks, depending on the need. He may be a staff editor, a freelance editor, or a consulting editor. See also EDIT FREELANCER

EDITOR IN CHIEF The individual bearing responsibility for all editing and editorial decisions. A term mainly used by newspapers and some magazines. Because editor in chief is the title of the senior editing person, it implies the presence of a large editorial staff. However, the editor in chief may spend more time on business and managerial issues than on the publication's contents. See also EDITING MANAGING EDITOR PUBLISHER

EDUCATIONAL DEALER Published five times per year by Fahy-Williams Publishing Co. of Geneva, NY, the Educational Dealer is the leading trade publication of the school supply industry. It is intended for teachers and those who sell school supplies and equipment. The magazine provides industry news, in addition to reports on new products and features that provide advice to retailers on increasing their business volume. The Educational Dealer publishes a comprehensive Buyers' Guide eah year. The magazine's circulation exceeds 10,400 including managers, buyers and owners of school supply stores, college bookstores, Christian bookstores, office supply stores, and school supply representatives.

EGGSHELL FINISH A term to describe a particular, rough finish of uncoated paper. An eggshell finish is a surface texture, which is similar to that of an eggshell. See also COATED PAPER FINISH UNCOATED

EGYPTIAN A typeface that has an almost uniform thickness of strokes and such heavy square (slab) serifs that the thickness of the serif is about equal to its extension from the main stroke. Also known as Slab Serif. Courier, Lubalin and Egyptian are examples of common slab serif types. See also ARIAL COURIER FONT FRAKTUR GARAMOND HELVETICA JENSON NEW CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK SERIF STROKE TIMES ROMAN

EIGHT SHEET A term describing a poster, which has dimensions of 60" × 80" (153 cms. × 203 cms.). Historically, eight individual sheets make up the eight sheet. Eightsheet.

EIGHT-UP In printing, the impositon of eight items on the same sheet in order to take better advantage of full capacity and minimize paper consumption by reducing the loss due to scrap. See also FOUR-UP IMPOSITION SIX UP UP

e-LANCER A term to denote the new global freelancer. E-lancers are computer-literate, specialists who offer their freelance services worldwide online, often without the need to leave their homes. See FREELANCER

ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT A book or other document intended to be read on a computer monitor. Electronic documents can make use of special effects not available to conventional printed publications. In addition to full color, animation, sound, and music, e-books and other electronic documents can offer interactivity through the use of hypertext. Web pages comprise one form of electronic documents. See also D-BOOK E-BOOK HYPERTEXT

ELECTRONIC PRINTING A term that describes any technology, which makes it possible to reproduce pages without the traditional use of ink. Such technologies usually rely on electrostatic or electrophotographic means. See ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING A term that denotes the publishing and distribution of information in electronic form. This includes the publishing of CD-ROMs, as well as digital typography and the manipulation, storage, and transmission of electronic documents by electronic media or telecommunications services, such as online services, ezines, websites, etc. The term, electronic publishing, is also used in reference to the use of specialized computer-controlled equipment in publishing and printing, including powerful work station computers and digital presses. See also CD-ROM DESKTOP PUBLISHING E-BOOK EZINE

ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION The submission of a manuscript or other document in electronic form, rather than on paper. This may be accomplished by means of e-mail or through the use of a portable storage medium, such as CD-ROM or diskette, etc. See also CD-ROM ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT MANUSCRIPT

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY A photocopying process that uses electrostatic charges to form the images. Magnetic ink particles (toner) is used in place of ink. Heat and pressure fuses the images formed onto paper. This image transfer system is also used in most page printers and photocopiers. Electrophotography is also called xerography. See also ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY PAGE PRINTER TONER XEROX CORPORATION

ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING A method of printing on various types of paper, vellum and films, which creates an image by means of an electrostatic charge on a polished plate and attracting magnetic ink (toner) to it. In turn, this image is transferred to paper by heat and pressure. A photocopy machine uses an electrostatic process. Laser printers and LED printers are also electrostatic printers. See also LASER PRINTER LED PRINTER TONER

EL-HI A term used by those involved in the publishing and distribution of textbooks. El-hi refers to the elementary school/high school segment of the market, or books intended for that market segment. See also MARKET TEXT EDITION

ELITE A standard typewriter typeface that is approximately 10-point in size and prints 12 characters to the inch. Pica, which is somewhat larger, and prints at 10 characters per inch, is the other common font for typewriters. Courier is the nearest equivalent in word processing See also BALL PRINTER CHARACTERS PER INCH COURIER FONT PERIOD PICA PITCH POINT

ELLIPSIS A set of three dots, periods, or dashes in a row. They are used between two sentences or phrases to indicate that a word or phrase has been omitted. They are also used when bits or quips of information have been taken from a long quotation, or when wanting to signify a trailing off in thought or to leave it to the reader's imagination to complete. See also DASH DOT LEADER LEADER PERIOD PUNCTUATION

EM A measurement of space in printing and typography. An em is a square unit of space having sides equal in length to the width of the capital letter M in the typeface being used or considered. Therefore, in a 10-point size, the em measures 10 points high by 10 points wide. In a 12-point type, the em measures 12 points by 12 points. The em derives its name from the letter M which, in early fonts, was usually cast on a square body and was equal to the type size in width. An em is twice as wide as an en. Em is also termed mutton or mut. See also EM DASH EN EN SPACE POINT QUADDING THIN SPACE

EMBEDDED COMMAND In word publishing, a sequence of (usually invisible) special characters inserted into a document, which have an effect on the formatting of it. For example, imbedded commands can cause blinking characters or other special effects to be displayed on the screen. Alternatively, an embedded command can make the printer change to another specified font when printing. See also CHARACTER FONT FORMAT FORMAT TEXT WORD PROCESSING

EMBOSS To produce a raised design, pattern, image, or lettering, by surprinting or on blank paper. To represent a surface design in relief by stamping or impressing a recessed engraved die on it. See also DIE ENGRAVING RELIEF PRINTING STAMPING SURPRINT

EMBOSSED FINISH A surface of paper, which has been raised or depressed, in imitation of the surface of leather, cloth, of wood, or in a different pattern. See also CALF FINISH MOROCCO VELLUM

EMBOSSING The act or process of impressing an image in relief on a printed surface or on blank paper for decorative purposes. The act or process of forming an image on a book cover, paper, leather, cloth, etc., without ink by use of a recessed die applied with heat and pressure. The term also applies to a finish on paper, cloth, leather, etc. See also BLIND EMBOSSING FINISHING OPERATIONS GRAINING THERMOGRAPHY

EM DASH In typography, a long dash that is equal in length to an em, the width of the capital letter M in the typeface being used. An em dash is used to introduce a parenthetical remark, or to indicate an interruption in thought. See also EM EN EN DASH HYPHEN

EM FRACTION A single character fraction, which occupies a space equal to one em (e.g., ½). An em fraction contrasts with a piece fraction, which is constructed from three or more characters, including a diagonal stroke (/), such as 1/2. See also EM EN EN FRACTION

EMOTIVE LANGUAGE Words that have an emotional content. Most ideas can be expressed in a manner that is positive or negative, welcoming or threatening, depending on the word selected. See also DENOTATION NOVEL PROSE STYLE

EMPHASIS The use of a different type style in order to highlight a word or phrase and add stress or importance to it. Emphasis is often added by the adoption of a bold, italic, underlined, or small caps typeface. See also BOLDFACE HIGHLIGHT ITALIC SMALL CAPS UNDERLINE

EM SPACE A space that is equal in width to an em. See EM

EMULSION In printing and graphic arts, the term is used in reference to the light-sensitive coating coating the side of photographic film that facees the lens during exposure. It is on this surface that the image is formed. The emulsion is a gelatin or colloidal solution that contains a light-sensitive silver halide compound. It is also used on glass photographic plates and metal printing plates. A photographic negative usually looks right if the emulsion on the negative faces away from the viewer (i.e., "not flipped"). See also FILM GRAIN HALATION NEGATIVE

EN In typography and printing, a unit of measurement of space that is one half as wide as an em. Therefore, in 10-point type, an en measures 5 points wide by 10 points high. In 12 point type, an en measures 6 points wide by 12 points high. An en is also called a nut. See also EM THIN SPACE POINT QUADDING

ENAMEL A coating material applied to paper. The term is also used in reference to a high gloss-coated paper. Enamel paper has a high gloss finish. See also COATED PAPER COATING GLOSS PAPER

ENCAPSULATED POSTSCRIPT (EPS) A standardized format used for storing images. A document file format that contains PostScript information used for high-resolution graphics. See also HIGH RESOLUTION POSTSCRIPT

EN DASH In typography, a dash that is equal in length to an en, one half the width of the capital letter M in the typeface being used. It is a short dash slightly longer than a hyphen. An en dash is used in place of the words "to" or "through" to show ranges, as in 1890-1900, July 1-July 31, or Pages 14-23. En dashes are also used as minus signs (e.g., -10 degrees Fahrenheit) and as hyphens in compound words (e.g., post-modern). See also DASH EM EM DASH EN EN DASH HYPHEN

END-ICONS Bullets used to signify the end of a book or chapter. See also BULLET ICON

END LEAF Another term for endsheet. See ENDSHEETS

END MATTER Another term for back matter. See BACK MATTER

ENDNOTE A footnote added at the end of a document, or a section in it, rather than at the foot of a page. Some word processing programs permit the user to choose to select either footnotes or endnotes. See also ANNOTATED ANOTATION APPENDIX FOOTNOTE

END PAPERS Another term for endsheets. See ENDSHEETS

ENDSHEETS The four pages of heavy uncoated paper at the front and end of a book, two of which are pasted to the inside front and back covers to conceal the boards and binding tape, and to give a finished appearance to the binding. The stock is stronger and heavier (70 lbs. or more) than that used for the text and may be white or colored, and printed or unprinted. The other two pages become the first or last leaf of a book, usually unnumbered. Also called endpapers, end-leaves or lining papers. Aee also BOARD COVER MARBLED PAPER TIP UNCOATED

EN FRACTION A single-character fraction that occupies one en of space and uses a horizontal stroke e.g., ¼ ½ ¾. Contrast to em fractions, which are built with regular-width characters like 1/2. See also EM FRACTION EN

ENGLISH FINISH A grade of uncoated book paper that has a smoother, more uniform surface than one with a machine finish. See also BOOK PAPER FINISH MACHINE FINISHED PAPER UNCOATED VELLUM FINISH

ENGRAVING The act of forming a design on the surface of a plate made of metal, plastic, etc., by photographic process, corrosion from acid, cutting, etc., in order to make impressions of the design so formed. Also, the design so engraved. See also ETCH HALFTONE INTAGLIO PROCESS LINE CUT PLUGGED STAMPING

ENLARGEMENT A faithful reproduction of an image or page, but in a size greater than the original image. Also, the process of preparing the enlarged copy or other material. Enlargement is also termed blowup. See PROPORTION SCALE SCALE

EN SPACE A space equal in width to an en in the font and point size selected. See EN POINT SIZE

ENTRY POINT A visually dominant element placed on a page as a means of attracting the reader's attention. See also ANCHOR

ENVELOPE PAPER A term that describes the grade of paper used for envelopes. It must be opaque, printable, and writable, and have sufficient folding strength. It may contain wood or be wood-free. Further, it may be machine glazed or calendered, and white or colored. See also CALENDERED PAPER MACHINE GLAZED PAPER

EPIGRAGH A term to denote a suitable or relevant quotation that appears at the beginning of a chapter or a book. An epigraph should not be confused with an epigram, which is a witty or ingenious saying. See DEDICATION FRONT MATTER

EPILOGUE The concluding part of the text of a literary work. It appears at the end of the narrative after the climax. It may bring the reader up to date or offer a final note from the author, but should not attempt to wrap-up the subplots, which should have been resolved before the climax. The only acceptable reason to continue a story, that has ended, is to sell the next book. In contrast to an epilogue, a prologue appears at the beginning of a narrative. See also BACK MATTER CLIMAX NARRATIVE PROLOGUE

EPONYM The name of a person or place, whether historical or mythical, from which a place, country, city, person, or tribe, etc., derives its name.

EPS Encapsulated PostScript. See ENCAPSULATED POSTSCRIPT

ERRATA Latin for errors, the term is used in reference to a loose sheet listing the errors, which appear in a printed book and were discovered following its printing, and corrections. The list usually is printed on a tip-in and inserted loose into the volume, or sent later for insertion. Also termed errata sheet. See also TIP-IN

ESSAY A short literary composition on a particular subject or theme, generally interpretive, analytic, or speculative. It may present the personal views of the author. It is less formal than an academic dissertation. As one editor once explained, "If it has a lot of facts in it, then it's an article. If it doesn't have a lot of facts in it, then it's an essay." See also FEATURE NON FICTION PROSE

ESTIMATE A preliminary price estimate provided to a customer by a printer based on the customer's specifications and his analysis of anticipated expenses for printing. The estimate is normally outlined on the printer's estimate form and may be given as a price per thousand or a price per piece. It is usually supplied before the order is received. Estimate is also termed bid, quotation, or tender. The estimate may change if the order specifications change. In contrast, a quote is a legally binding, signed agreement by which a printer (or another supplier) guarantees a firm, unchanging price during a specified period. See also QUOTATION. SPECIFICATION

ETCH To create an image on a printing plate by engraving with the use of an acid or other chemical or electrolytic action. The intention is to create depressions, which can be filled with ink to form an impression on paper. See also ENGRAVING IMAGE INTAGLIO PROCESS

ETCHING A means by which lines are created in a metal plate with acid for printing by the intaglio technique. First, the plate is first covered with an acid-resistant material. Then, the artist scratches a design on it with a stylus or needle to expose the bare metal underneath. The plate is then immersed in an acid bath. The acid attacks the exposed metal to engrave the lines in the plate. See also INTAGLIO PROCESS PRINTING PLATE

EUPHEMISM The use of a polite, agreeable, or inoffensive word or expression in place of one that is harsh, rude, or offensive. Also, to use pleasant or inoffensive language to soften or mask upsetting truths. Also, the word(s) so used. See also EDIT STYLE

EVEN HEADER In desktop publishing, a header that is used only on even-numbered pages. See also DESKTOP PUBLISHING HEADER ODD HEADER VERSO

EXCEPTION DICTIONARY In desktop publishing or word processing, a collection of pre-hyphenated words not conforming to the normal rules of the hyphenation and justification program. See also DICTIONARY GLOSSARY THESAURUS

EXCERPT A selected passage from a larger written work or musical composition, as illustrated by the use of portions of a book appearing in a magazine article. Also, to pick out or select a passage or passages from a literary work, or other composition, to reproduce in a magazine, book, or other publication. See also EXTRACT

EXCLAMATION POINT The mark used in writing after an exclamation. It is often used in writing to indicate intensity of emotion or loudness, etc. The mark evolved from the Roman habit of saying "lo" as an exclamation. In order to save time in writing, scribes wrote the two letters together, with the "I" on top and the "o" beneath it. Eventually, the "o" was filled with ink and became a dot. See also PUNCTUATION.

EXCLUSIVE A term used to describe a news article or feature story published by a publication well in advance of its competitors. The term is also used to describe publishing or distribution rights given or sold to only one publisher or distributor in a particular district or region. See also FEATURE RIGHT FOREIGN LANGUAGE RIGHTS

EX LIBRIS Latin for from the books of. It may be paraphrased to read from the library or collection of. The phrase, ex libris, is used on bookplates followed by the owner's name as a means of indicating who owns the book. (e.g., ex. libris Paul Crocker). A bookplate is a label for this purpose pasted onto the front end paper of a book and often bearing a coat of arms or other design. See also BOOKPLATE END PAPERS

EXPANDED TYPE A typeface, which is wider than the normal version of a typeface, giving a flatter appearance. The characters may be slightly wider, or the spacing between letters further apart. The result is that there are fewer characters per inch (cpi). See also CHARACTERS PER INCH CONDENSED TYPE KERNING TYPEFACE WIDTH

EXPERT FONTS Letters that augment the standard letter set of a typeface. An additional font that provides a range of characters not included in the standard font These may include ligatures, swash letters, small capitals, old-style figures, and other characters. The large main suppliers of electronic type generally make expert sets available for some of the most popular typefaces. See also CHARACTER SET LIGATURE SMALL CAPS SWASH

EXPERT READING Another term for technical edit. See TECHNICAL EDIT

EXPORT To send information from one program or system to another. To save data in a form that another program can read. This may be in a format other than the format of the application in which it was created (e.g., WordPerfect to Microsoft Word, or from a word processor to a spreadsheet). Many word processing and graphics programs can export files in several different formats. Files consisting only of text can be exported in ASCII. However, in the case of files containing graphics, the receiving program or system must offer support for the format of the file to be exported. The exporting process is a form of conversion. Consequently, it always involves the possibility of loss of image quality or text formatting. See also ASCII FORMAT IMPORT

EXPURGATED EDITION A censored edition of a book. An edition of a book from which certain material appearing in the original work and considered to be objectionable has been deleted. See EDITION

EXTENDED TYPE Another term for expanded type. See EXPANDED TYPE

EXTENDER Those parts of a letter, which extend above the x-height or below the baseline. An ascender or descender. Also, a substance added to ink that will increase the latter's viscosity. See ASCENDER DESCENDER VISCOSITY

EXTRACT A passage taken from another book, article, etc. An excerpt from a book or pamphlet, etc. An excerpt of another author's writing. When an extract is used, it is often set in smaller type than that used for the main text, or indented differently. See also

EYE The enclosed part of the lowercase "e." See also BOWL CHARACTER COUNTER LETTER

EZINE An electronic magazine distributed by the Internet. See also ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING FANZINE ONLINE NEWSLETTER ZINE