FACE A shortened form of typeface, which denotes a designated style of type. A type family. For example, the italic style of the Goudy Old Style family is a face. See also FAMILY TYPEFACE

FACING PAGE Either of any two pages, which face each other when the document, into which they have been bound, is open. Either of two pages that form a spread. See also CENTER SPREAD CROSSOVER GUTTER RECTO VERSO SPREAD

FACE-OUT DISPLAY A bookselling term used in reference to a merchandising display arrangement of books in which the books are turned so that the jackets or front covers face the customer, rather than spine out as in a spine-out display. The front covers, rather than the spines, are first seen by the shoppers. See also COUNTER DISPLAY MERCHANDISING SPINE SPINE-OUT DISPLAY

FACSIMILE An exact reproduction of an original. In publishing, facsimile is often used to denote a reproduction of a book. Such facsimiles sometimes carry a designation to differentiate them from the original books. Fax is the popular term used in place of facsimile. See also MULTIPLE SUBMISSION

FACSIMILE EDITION A term used in reference to an exact reproduction of an original book. See also EDITION

FACT CHECK The act of ensuring that all facts (names, dates, events, statistics) have been correctly stated in the manuscript or article, and that all personal names and place names are as written and also are spelled correctly. In newspapers, this tedious chore may be performed by a member of the copy department following the main editing of the manuscript. Sometimes a writer is asked to substantiate a certain piece of information contained in the manuscript long after the research files for that project have been put away. See also CONTENT EDIT PEER REVIEW

FAIR USE The use of small portions of copyrighted material without infringing on the rights provided by copyright. A provision in copyright law permits short passages of copyrighted material to be used without constituting an infringement of the copyright. This facilitates education, scholarly research, and comment or review. Excerpts of material may be copied for the preceding purposes if it represents less than five percent of the length of the work and its use will not hinder sale of the original work. See also COPYRIGHT

FAMILY A font family. A complete set of fonts with all of its related typefaces. A family can include roman, italic, bold, extra bold, black, condensed, expanded, and other variations of the font. Thus, although Helvetica bold is a different typeface than Helvetica, it is still considered to be a part of the Helvetica family. Each of the various combinations of style (roman, italic) and weight (regular, semi-bold, and without bold) is called a face. See also FONT HELVETICA TYPEFACE TYPE FAMILY

FANFOLD PAPER Paper that has been designed to be fed into the tractor-feed mechanism of a printer in a continuous, unbroken sheet. The paper is accordion folded back and forth upon itself in the shape of a Z and is supplied with fan-feed holes along both margins. Fanfold paper is also called z-paper. See also ACCORDION FOLD CONTINOUS PAPER TRACTOR FEED Z-FOLD

FAN GUIDE A long, narrow booklet of color samples used for selecting (ink) colors and fastened at one end only, thereby enabling one to arrange the pages like a fan. In turn, this enables one to compare color samples appearing on different pages. See also COLOR SWATCH PANTONE

FANZINE An electronic magazine that is produced by devotees of a particular activity, person, or thing, and distributed on line. See also EZINE NEWSLETTER ZINE

FEATHERING In desktop publishing, the adding of an equal amount of space between all lines in a column or page in order to create vertical justification. See also JUSTIFICATION LEADING VERTICAL JUSTIFICATION

FEATURE In writing and publishing, an article that generally is of greater length than a news story and provides information on something other than news. The feature may focus on a person, issue, specific development, or trend. It may provide entertainment or general knowledge. Magazines also use the term to denote a lead article. See also EXCLUSIVE LEAD ONE-SHOT FEATURE PHOTO FEATURE Q-AND-A FORMAT SIDEBAR SYNDICATE

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) An independent federal agency, which was organized in 1914 to promote fair business practices. The Commission, which is located in Washington, D.C., is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that competition is both free and fair. It administers consumer protection legislation, including regulations devised to eliminate misleading advertising and other deceptive practices, fraudulent telemarketing schemes, high pressure sales tactics, and trade restraints, such as price fixing, boycotts, or illegal combinations of competitors. It monitors compliance with several Acts. These include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, The Fair Credit Billing Act, The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, The Consumer Leasing Act, and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. The Commission is responsible for preventing pricing discrimination. Also, it must ensure that all consumer creditors, which are not regulated by another Government agency, disclose the cost of their credit to consumers. It protects consumers against the circulation of obsolete credit reports and also regulates the issuance of, and liability for, the use of credit cards.

The Federal Trade Commission has no authority to punish. Instead, it functions through cease-and-desist orders, formal litigation, and other means. Compliance with the law is generally obtained through voluntary and cooperative action.

FELT SIDE The smoother of the two sides of paper. This is the side of the paper that is printed. The smooth side is the upper side of the sheet of paper during the papermaking process. It is the side pressed against the blanket, rather than that which rests on the Fourdrinier wire during the paper manufacturing process. In book papers, it typically carries a light weave pattern. See also FOURDRINIER MACHINE LAID PAPER PAPER WIRE SIDE

F&G Folded and gathered. A reference to the folded and gathered signatures that form the pages of an unbound copy of a book. A book in such a form is sometimes sent to a customer for approval before binding, or to reviewers. The gathered and trimmed copy that is inspected and approved by Quality Assurance prior to binding. Also, a copy used as a guide in the bindery for correct sequence of pages, including inserts, etc. Also termed check copy. See also GALLEYS QUALITY CONTROL SIGNATURE

FIGURE A term to denote an illustration, whether a photograph, drawing, diagram, or chart. Abbreviated as fig. See also ILLUSTRATION

FIGURE OF SPEECH An expression or use of language, such as a metaphor, simile, personification, antithesis, etc., in which words are used in other than their literal sense to create a picture or image, or for other special effect. See also ANALOGY IMAGERY IRONY METAPHOR METONYMY SIMILE

FILE A complete collection of information, such as program instructions or a user-created document that is stored on a computer, or a medium, such as a floppy disk, or CD-ROM, and retrieved under a single name. The basic unit of storage on a computer distinguishable from another. It is not necessary for a file to reside in a contiguous block of disk space. A file is a unit that its user can save, delete, copy, change, or send to an output device. See FILE NAME EXTENSION SOFT COPY VIRTUAL PRINTER

FILE NAME EXTENSION One or more letters or numbers (usually three) appearing at the end of a computer file name and separated from it by a period. File name extensions tell computers and Web browsers the file type. For example, ,doc indicates a document file, .jpeg indicates a bitmap graphics file and .tmp identifies a temporary file. See also FILE

FILLER Minerals and white pigments that are added to papermaking stock (pulp) in order to improve such paper properties as opacity. brightness, and smoothness of printing surface. Clay, calcium carbonate, and titanium dioxide are commonly used fillers.

The term is also used to describe any copy extender. This is a short and usually Inconsequential item, such as an anecdote, joke, verse, household hint, or timeless news piece, used by the editor to complete or "fill out" a column or page. Jokes and epigrams have traditionally served as fillers in magazines, whereas newspapers have relied more on household hints and little known facts at the end of an editorial or feature. Improved techniques of layout have lessened today's need for fillers. However, they persist in some magazines, including Reader's Digest. See also BRIGHTNESS CHINA CLAY OPACITY PAPER

FILLET In bookbinding, a line impressed on the cover of a book for decoration, normally at the top and bottom of the bookcover. Also, a tool for impressing such a line. See also TOOLING

FILLING IN In printing, a condition in offset lithography and letterpress in which the ink fills the areas between halftone dots or in type characters, as the bowl of the letter "e." Also called filling up or plugging. See also BOWL CHARACTER HALO EFFECT HALFTONE LETTERPRESS LITHOGRAPHY PILING

FILM A thin transparent plastic sheet that is coated on one side with a light-sensitive emulsion. It is used to create negatives or positives of photographs. After exposure, the film is developed and processed to produce a negative or a positive. The term also describes non-paper output of a phototypesetter or an imagesetter. See also EMULSION IMAGESETTER NEGATIVE POSITIVE

FILM ASSEMBLY Another term for stripping. See STRIPPING

FILM NEGATIVE See NEGATIVE

FILM POSITIVE See POSITIVE

FILTER A sheet or screen of colored glass, gelatin, or plastic inserted between plates to reduce the intensity of light or to absorb specific colors in order to modify the reproduction of the colors in a subject as photographed. The filters used for color separation are red, green, blue. In photography, a colored filter to adjust the colors in a subject as would otherwise be photographed. Also termed color filter. See also COLOR SEPARATION

FINE PAPER A term to denote high-quality printing, writing or copy papers produced from chemical pulp. Fine papers usually contain less than 10% mechanical pulp and sometimes are made partly or wholly from rag pulp. See also PAPER RAG PAPER

FINE SCREEN A term to describe a screen that has a ruling greater than 150 screen lines per inch. See also LINES PER INCH SCREEN

FINISH The surface characteristics of paper, such as machine finish or English finish, decided by the different manufacturing techniques. Also, the smoothness of the particular paper. In addition, the term is used as a general term for postpress operations, such as rimming, folding, binding, etc. See also ANTIQUE FINISH CALENDERING EGGSHELL FINISH EMBOSSED FINISH ENGLISH FINISH FINISHING OPERATIONS GRANITE FINISH MACHINE FINISHED NATURAL FINISH

FINISHED ART Artwork that is camera ready. See CAMERA READY

FINISHED GOODS A common term to describe manufactured products that are ready for sale or delivery to customers. A corporation's inventory of such products. The inventory of a company consists of its finished goods, work-in-process, and raw materials for use in manufacturing. See also INVENTORY PALLET WORK-IN-PROCESS (WIP)

FINISHING OPERATIONS Post-press operations. A term to describe any and all operations, which follow the printing and are required to create the finished product. Such post-press operations may include scoring, perforating, die-cutting, embossing, collating, folding, punching, drilling, trimming, stitching, and binding. Also termed finishing. See also BUILDING-IN BUNDLING EMBOSSING GATHERING GUILLOTINE INLINE FINISHING JACKETING NIP VARNISHING

FINISH LEFT Another term for flush left. See FLUSH LEFT JUSTIFICATION

FINISHED SIZE The size of the final product after printing and trimming. Also termed finish size or trim size. See also FLAT SIZE MOCKUP TRIM SIZE

FIRM SALE An unconditional sale. Unlike goods shipped to the bookseller on consignment, books supplied on the basis of a firm sale may not be returned to the publisher or distributor. See also CONSIGNMENT RETURNS

FIRST EDITION All copies of a book printed from the original (unchanged) plates and materials. The first edition can include copies produced by several printings, if all are produced with the same unchanged or revised plates. A second or later edition would involve some changes to the printing plates, whether the addition of a new preface, new chapter, corrections to spelling or grammar, or changes more substantial. However, the term, first edition, is often used by book collectors in reference to the copies produced on the very first printing. The term applies equally to an individual copy of a book produced as a first edition. Finally, the term describes the first printing of a newspaper produced for a particular date (e.g., the first of several editions of the daily newspaper for September 11th). See also DELUXE EDITION EDITION NEW EDITION

FIRST NORTH AMERICAN SERIAL RIGHTS See SERIAL RIGHTS

FIRST PERSON NARRATIVE A literary work written in the first person singular (i.e., "I"). In nonfiction, the first person singular is used to relate accounts of personal experiences and eye-witness reports. See also DIALOGUE NARRATIVE

FIRST SERIAL RIGHTS See SERIAL RIGHTS

FIRST THUS A term to denote an issue of a book, that is not a first edition, but does contain or incorporate something new or revised, such as a new publisher or a new introduction by the author, etc. The first thus is the first issue to incorporate this change or form. See also EDITION ISSUE

FIXED COST Any cost or expense that is fixed in nature and does not vary in amount with changes in revenue received or the number of titles printed. Fixed costs include the copywriting, photography, and design expense, management salaries, heat, light, telephone, fire insurance premiums, property taxes, and depreciation. They may also be called fixed charges. See also DIRECT COSTS UNIT COST VARIABLE COST

FIXED PAGE BREAK See HARD PAGE BREAK

FIXED PITCH A term denoting a typeface in which all characters are of the same width. In contrast, the term, proportional pitch, describes a size and style of type, which has some characters that are wider than others. See also CHARACTER PITCH PROPORTIONAL SPACING

FLAP In copywriting, a single piece of copy that is used, with changes, more than once. The changes appear on an overlay. The copy is then photographed with and without the overlay in place to produce the negatives applicable to each use of the copy. The word, flap, is also used to describe the part of a dust jacket that folds inside the front or back cover and is visible only when the cover is opened. Finally, the word describes the layer of tissue, which covers artwork for protection and is affixed along its top edge. It is also called tissue overlay. See also COPY DUST JACKET OVERLAY TISSUE OVERLAY

FLAP COPY A term used in reference to the text that appears on a dust jacket's front or back flaps. See also DUST JACKET IBC IFC

FLAT Printed matter or an image that is lacking in contrast. Also, a printing term for the assembling of negatives on a heavy paper sheet ready for platemaking. Flat also refers to printed material that is not yet folded. Also, to books intended for face-out display, such as children's books. In addition, flat is a U.S.Postal Service term for a piece of mail of length 5 to 15 inches and height 3½ to 12 inches, compared to letter mail, which has smaller dimensions. In addition, the term describes unfolded newsletters. See also GOLDENROD PAPER STRIPPING

FLAT BACK A binding that has a spine, which is not rounded. A flat back is also called a square back. See also BINDING SPINE FLATBED SCANNER A scanner that lies flat on a desk or table and has a flat scanning area large enough to accommodate material of letter-size dimensions (8½"×11 ") or greater. A sheet feeder is available for those wishing to automate the scanning of multiple-page documents. See also DIGITIZE SCANNER

FLAT COLOR Any color that is printed without being overlaid by another color. Flat colors are used instead of process colors on jobs involving a few plain colors. The colors are usually selected by Pantone color number. Two- and three-color advertising materials not involving photography are printed in flat colors. There is no overlaying of color dots or color trapping. The advantage of a flat color is its uniformity of color. Each color printed in a flat color requires its own ink and printing plate (or cylinder) on a press. See also PANTONE PROCESS COLOR SPOT COLOR TRAPPING

FLAT SIZE The dimensions of a flat after printing and trimming, but before folding, in contrast to finished size. See also FINISHED SIZE

FLESH IT OUT A colloquial expression used by an editor to ask an author of a narrative to expand the piece. This can often be achieved by adding more details, descriptions, and/or dialogue. See also FILLER

FLEXIBLE BINDING A term applicable to any binding, which has been constructed using boards that are flexible, rather than stiff. Plastic covers and limp leathers are examples of flexible binding. See also BINDING BOARD

FLEXOGRAPHY A printing process that uses a rotary letterpress, fast drying inks, and flexible rubber or plastic plates that fasten around a cylinder. The process is used mainly for printing labels and other packaging materials. It is also called flexographic printing. See also LETTERPRESS RELIEF PRINTING

FLOATING GRAPHIC A graphic or illustration that has not been locked into an immovable position in a particular position on a page. Instead, it moves up or down on the page as text is inserted or deleted above it. See also ANCHOR RELATIVE PLACEMENT SOFT RETURN

FLOP To turn a photographic negative over so that the image will be reversed when printed. To so reproduce a photograph or illustration that its image will be the mirror image of the original. See also NEGATIVE REVERSE

FLOPPY DISK A removable and widely used portable computer data storage medium. It consists of a flexible disk-shaped piece of magnetically-treated mylar plastic, which rotates within a hard plastic jacket for protection. The floppy disks can be written to and read from. Most floppy disks come in 3½-inch size (720K or 1.44MB capacity). Older versions came in 5¼-inch (360K or 1.2MB) formats. Floppy disks are also termed diskettes. See also CD-ROM MAGNETIC MEDIA WRITE-PROTECT

FLUSH To align text vertically in print, without indentation, along one side of a page or margin. In contrast to flush left or flush right is a ragged edge (ragged right, ragged left). See also FLUSH LEFT FLUSH RIGHT JUSTIFY RAGGED LEFT RAGGED RIGHT

FLUSH COVER In book binding, a cover that has been trimmed to the same dimensions as the pages of text that it contains, as exemplified by paperback book. See also PAPERBACK BOOK PERFECT-BINDING

FLUSH PARAGRAPH A paragraph not preceded by an indentation. Instead, it is aligned flush-left. Also termed Block Style Paragraph. See FLUSH LEFT INDENTATION

FLUSH LEFT In word processing, text that has been vertically aligned, without indentation, along the left margin of the page, leaving a ragged right margin. Copy vertically aligned along the left margin. Flush left and ragged right describe the same thing. Flush left is far more commonly used than flush right. See also FLUSH RIGHT JUSTIFICATION JUSTIFIED TYPE RAGGED RAGGED RIGHT

FLUSH RIGHT In word processing, text that has been vertically aligned, without indentation, along the right margin of the page, leaving a ragged left margin. Copy vertically aligned along the right margin. Flush right and ragged left describe the same thing. Flush right is far less commonly used than is flush left. See also FLUSH LEFT JUSTIFICATION JUSTIFIED TYPE RAGGED RAGGED LEFT

FLYER An inexpensive advertising circular for general distribution. A one-page, printed announcement or advertising piece, usually unfolded. A small handbill. See also CIRCULAR LEAFLET PAMPHLET

FLYLEAF A term applicable to any unprinted page or pages in the front or back of a book, excluding end papers. See also END PAPERS

FOG In photography, a hazy effect in a developed negative or positive that is created by improper handling during processing, the use of excessively old film, or light other than that which illuminated the original subject. See also NEGATIVE POSITIVE

FOLD To bend a sheet of paper over upon itself. See also ACCORDION FOLD FOLD MARK HALF-FOLD PARALLEL FOLD SCORE

FOLD MARK Dotted lines or dashes printed on paper to show where it should be folded. See also CORNER MARKS REGISTRATION MARKS

FOLDING DUMMY A template used to establish a page arrangement in order to conform to requirements for folding and binding. See also DUMMY FOLDING DUMMY

FOLDING ENDURANCE The capacity to withstand repeated folding without tearing or breaking along the foldline.

FOLDOUT An oversize leaf that has been folded to fit within the trim size of a book and then tipped in. See also APRON LEAF TIP

FOLIO The page number in a book or newspaper. The page numbers of a book are often placed at the upper right hand corner of the page outside of the running head. The number is termed a drop folio if it appears at the bottom of the page. In the case of newspapers, folio refers to the page number along with the name of the newspaper and date. See also BLIND FOLIO DROP FOLIO DUMMY FOLIO PAGINATE RUNNING HEAD

The word folio also describes a sheet of paper that has been folded once to form two leaves (four pages) of a book, or a volume containing large pages, particularly ones exceeding 30 centimeters (approximately 12½ inches) in height. In addition, the term applies to a leaf of a manuscript or book numbered only on its front side. Finally, folio can denote a book size of approximately 15" in height. See also BOOK FORMAT :LEAF

FONT The complete set of characters in a single typeface, point size, width, and weight (such as bold), including uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, small capitals (if available), punctuation marks, ligatures, and reference marks. Font originated as a misspelling of fount.

In hot metal composition, a fount consisted of all characters that made up a complete typeface at a particular point size. In the days of handset type, the typesetter stored all individual characters of a particular font in one case. When he spoke of a font, he was referring to everything in that one case. There was little difference between font, face, and family. Today, font is often incorrectly used for font family or typeface family.

In addition to the range of characters available in the normal font, many electronically produced typefaces also include underscored and strike-through type. In phototypesetting, the font is replaced by one or two master negatives from which lenses create the required size. In digital typesetting, the font is replaced by a bitmap. See also BASE FONT BITMAP FONT FACE FONT FAMILY HEADLINE FONT KERNING TABLE OBLIQUE OUTLINE FONT TEMPORARY FONT WEIGHT

FONT CARTRIDGE A plug-in device designed to fit into a receptacle on the printer of a personal computer. The read-only memory (ROM) cartridge contains several different styles and sizes of fonts. It expands the printer's font capabilities and enables it to produce characters in sizes and styles different from those created by the fonts already incorporated in it. Also called font card. See also CARTRIDGE DOWNLOAD FONT LASER PRINTER SOFT FONT

FONT FACE Another term for typeface. See also TYPEFACE

FONT FAMILY Another term for type family. See TYPE FAMILY

FONT SIZE A reference to the size of a set of characters of a particular typeface measured in points. Although font sizes are now generally measured in points, each font originally had a name. The names and their point equivalents appear below. See also POINT TYPESIZE

• 6 pt non-pareil
• 7 pt minton
• 8 pt: brevier or small text
• 9 pt bourgeois or galliard
• 10 pt: long primer or garamond
• 11 pt: small pica or philosophy
• 12 pt: pica
• 14 pt: english or augustin
• 18 pt: great printer