JACKET The outer paper cover protecting a hardcover book. Also called a dust cover or dust jacket. See also DUST JACKET HARDCOVER .

JACKETING The process of wrapping finished casebound books in their dust jackets. See CASEBOUND DUST JACKET FINISHING OPERATIONS

JAGGER A condition of an image or text on a computer monitor or printer in which the edges have a jagged or stair like appearance. The most common cause is the low resolution of the output device (monitor or printer). Anti-aliasing can be of help. Also called jaggies. See also ALIASING ANTI-ALIASING LOW RESOLUTION

JENSON A reference to Jenson's Roman, the first roman typeface. It is considered by many to be one of the greatest typefaces ever designed. The typeface was developed by Nicholas Jenson, who was born in 1420 in Sommevoire, France. He was employed as an apprentice at the Royal Mint at Tours where he trained as an engraver and became a cutter of dies for coinage. Later, Jenson became Master of the Royal Mint. In 1458, Charles VII sent him to Mainz. Germany, to study printing under Johannes Gutenberg. He returned to France in 1462, but emigrated in 1470 to Italy to work as an independent printer, punchcutter, and engraver in Venice. For his first work in 1470, Jenson developed the first documented roman style typeface. He used it again in 1472 to print Pliny's Natural History. Jenson's types, based on the upright styles of the period, are considered to rank with the best of the Renaissance, and of all time..See also ARIAL COURIER FONT DIE EGYPTIAN GARAMOND GUTENBERG HELVETICA NEW CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK ROMAN TYPEFACE TIMES ROMAN

JEWEL CASE The rigid clear-plastic case that serves as the shipping and storage container for a compact disk (CD). See also CD-ROM

JIFFY BAG A padded kraft paper mailing envelope, available in various sizes from office supplies stores and other outlets, and frequently used to mail books. See also ALL-FLAPS-MEET MAILER KRAFT PAPER MAILER ONE PIECE FOLDER

JOB In printing and prepress, the set of files concerning a particular project. They include image files, page layout files, etc. See also FILE PAGE LAYOUT PREPRESS

JOBBER In book publishing, a book distributor who buys books in large quantities for resale to retailers and libraries. A jobber functions in a manner similar to a wholesaler, but usually stocks only mass-market paperbacks. See also DISTRIBUTOR MASS MARKET PAPERBACK RACK JOBBER WHOLESALER

JOB LOT In publishing, a group of miscellaneous books offered for sale as a single lot, usually at a reduced price. The individual books may be damaged or discontinued. See also MARKDOWNS REMAINDERING RETURNS

JOB PRINTER A printer who does not specialize in certain types of printing, such as the printing of book or booklets. Instead, a job printer is one who will handle a wide variety of printing jobs, including stationery, circulars, brochures, jackets, etc. See also COMMERCIAL PRINTER SMALL, LOCAL PRINTERS

JOG To straighten the edges of a stack of paper sheets to form a neatly aligned stack before final trimming. This may be done by a mechanical vibrator. Also, the protuberance caused by the projecting edges, which are subsequently straightened. See also BINDING GUILLOTINE

JOINT See HINGE

JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP (JPEG) An organization that has developed a file compression technique, which is popular on the World Wide Web for the display of high-resolution color graphics. The technique significantly reduces the file sizes associated with the large quantity of data previously required for full-color bitmap images. It incorporates a user-specified compression feature. Users select the level of compression desired. Higher compression yields lower image quality and lower compression yields higher quality. See also BITMAP GRAPHIC HIGH RESOLUTION RESOLUTION.

JPEG-encoded images are often referred to as JPEGs. They can be viewed on any popular computer with appropriate software. For photographic images, the JPEG format is preferred to the GIF format, whereas GIF is popular for line art or simple logos. A JPEG file can be identified by the .jpg extension added to its file name. See also GIF LINE ART LOSSY TIFF

JOURNALESE Loose, slangy, cliché-ridden writing characterized by faulty or unusual syntax, new contrived words, etc., used by some journalists who feel that it typifies the journalistic style. See also CLICHÉ HACK SLANG SYNTAX STYLE

JUMP To continue an article or story from one page of a publication to a subsequent page. Also, the point at which the text is interrupted to continue on another page, or the resumption of the text on the subsequent page. If the latter page doe not immediately follow the first page, a jump line is added to guide the reader to the continuation of the text. See JUMP LINE

JUMP LINE A phrase added to the end or beginning of a portion of text in order to guide the reader when an article or story continues from one page onto a subsequent page. A jump line is normally used on both the new and preceding page to specify the page to turn to in order to continue reading (e.g., "Continued on page 4" or "Continued on the following page"), and also to identify the continued portion on the new page (e.g. "Continued from page 1" or "Continued from the previous page"). See also JUMP PIPELINING WORD WRAP

JUMPOVER A term to describe copy that begins above a photo or illustration and continues below it. The reader's eyes are forced to jump over the visual element in order to finish reading the article or story.

JUSTIFICATION The arrangement of text so as to align left margins, right margins, or both margins vertically. This is accomplished by adjusting the spaces between words and characters as required.

Flush left denotes justification on the left side only of a paragraph or page. This works best with simple text without hyphenation. Flush right describes justification on the right side only. It is most useful for picture captions that need to be visually attached to the text. Full justification is used in reference to text that has been justified on both the left and right margins, with the exception of a partial last line. Hyphenation is needed to keep spaces between words to an acceptable minimum. Full justification is best when there is a great deal of text. The term justification is often used in reference to full justification. A fourth possibility is center justification, in which all lines of text are centered between left and right margins. Forced justification denotes full justification where all the lines, including any partial line, have been justified both left and right.

Word processors and desktop publishing programs usually perform justification automatically. Problems generally arise only if the column width is too narrow. In this case, one may find rivers of white space running down the column. This can be rectified through hyphenation, the use of a smaller type size, or increasing the width of the column. See also CENTER JUSTIFICATION FEATHERING FLUSH LEFT FLUSH RIGHT HYPHENATION JUSTIFY RIVER VERTICAL JUSTIFICATION

JUSTIFIED A term applicable to a block of text in which the lines of type are flush with both the right and left margins of the page. All lines of type have been set to the same length. Letterspacing and wordspacing of justified text vary more than in unjustified text. Justified text creates a neater, more formal appearance than unjustified text, which appears somewhat ragged. If only one side of a block of text is aligned, it is termed right-justified (or left-justified). A left-justified column is also called ragged-right because the unjustified right side is somewhat uneven. Word processors and desktop publishing programs enable one to justify text easily and instantly. See also JUSTIFIED LOOSE JUSTIFIED TIGHT UNJUSTIFIED

JUSTIFIED COLUMNS When copy has been set justified, margins on both sides of columns are straight and lines are full. In order to achieve this, the space between the words will vary from line to line. Lines usually require at least 50 characters for the spaces between the words to appear to be equal. Lines of fewer characters lines will often appear to contain holes. See also COLUMN JUSTIFY

JUSTIFIED LOOSE A term that describes a line or passage of text that, when justified, contains wide spaces between words. The opposite of justified tight. See also JUSTIFIED WORDSPACING

JUSTIFIED TIGHT A term that describes a line or passage of text that, when justified, contains small spaces between words. The opposite of justified loose. See also JUSTIFIED WORDSPACING

JUSTIFIED TYPE Type that has been set both flush left and flush right. Type at both left and right edges of the page are evenly aligned. See also FLUSH LEFT FLUSH RIGHT TYPESETTING

JUSTIFY To align text along either the left or right margin,or both, of a column or page by adjusting the spacing between words, and sometimes characters, within each line. As a result, each line of text finishes at the same point. Space may be inserted or, if too extensive, reduced by hyphenating words at the ends of lines. See also ALIGN FLUSH JUSTIFICATION RAG WORDSPACING