TAB A character that adds white space in order to set off blocks of copy. It adds a horizontal space of pre-determined length. A tab is used to align text on a page. Although a tab and a series of blank spaces appear to be the same, they differ. Because a tab is a single character, it can be added or deleted with a single keystroke or typed over. See also ALIGN CHARACTER INDENT TAB STOP

TABLE OF CONTENTS (TOC) A list of the titles of sections, chapters, or other major divisions of a book, magazine, or other published work, and the numbers of the pages on which they appear. The Table of Contents helps the reader to quickly understand the structure of the publication and to guide him or her to its various segments. Accordingly, it contains the titles and page numbers of all major elements in the front matter, text, and back matter. Whether or not minor subdivisions should be included depends on the particular publication. In magazines, the Table of Contents lists the features and various departments that appear in the front matter. See also BACK MATTER CHAPTER FRONT MATTER SSECTION

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS A page in the front matter of some books containing a number of photographs or illustrations. A Table of Illustrations lists the illustrations and their page numbers in a book or other published work. See also FRONT MATTER ILLUSTRATION PLATE

TABLOID A newspaper whose format is about half the size of a broadsheet, a regular paper, and whose pages, are five columns wide. Its pages are left unfolded after printing, unlike conventional sized newspapers, which are folded horizontally at their middle. Page dimensions vary somewhat among tabloids (e.g., 13"×10" to 11"× 17" or A3). Many tabloids concentrate on sensational and lurid news (crime, violence, sex, etc.) and are heavily illustrated. See also BROADSHEET COLUMN INTERNATIONAL PAPER SIZES

TAB STOP The place to which the cursor moves after the Tab key is depressed. This is normally measured from the document's left margin. In many word processing programs, the default tab stop is set at ½ inch, but this can be changed. See also DEFAULT TAB

TABULAR SETTING A term to describe text that has been set in columns, as in timetables. See also COLUMN NEWSPAPER COLUMNS PIPELINING

TACK The adhesive property of printing inks. That cohesive quality of printing inks that can result in splitting of weaker papers. See also INK PICK PICKING REDUCER VISCOSITY

TACKOSCOPE An instrument for measuring the tack of printing ink. Also called an inkometer. See INK INKOMETER QUALITY CONTROL TACK

TAGGED IMAGE FILE FORMAT (TIFF) A high-quality graphics file format suitable for desktop publishing. TIFF is the most popular image format and is supported by every system. Accordingly, it is well suited for data transfer. TIFF is a high-resolution, tag-based graphic format for the storage of high-resolution scanned images (greater than 72 dpi) and importation into a page layout program. It is used for scanning, storage, and interchange of digital graphics containing grayscale or color information. A TIFF image can be monochrome (black and white, grayscale, or color. See also DOTS PER INCH EPS FORMAT GIF GRAPHIC GRAYSCALE JPEG RESOLUTION

TAGLINE An alternative term for subtitle. See SUBTITLE

TAIL That part of the lower case of a letter, such as a g, y, q, etc., that hangs below the baseline. Also, the lower right leg of the upper case character for R. The tail is also called the loop. See also BASELINE CHARACTER LETTER TERMINAL

TAILBAND A small strip of decorative silk or cotton glued to the bottom of the spine of the book block to reinforce a hardcover book A tailband normally accompanies a headlband, a similar piece of material used at the top of the spine of a hardcover book. The material fills the gap formed between the book's spine and its cover. Decorative headbands and tailbands were commonly used in the hand-sewn books of medieval times. See also HEADBAND SEWING SPINE

TAIL MARGIN See BOTTOM MARGIN

TAIL-PIECE A term to denote a small ornament at the end of a chapter, book, or other publication. See DINGBAT ORNAMENT

TALL A reference to a vertical (or portrait) orientation of paper. That is, the page's orientation when its height is greater than its width. See also ORIENTATION PORTRAIT ORIENTATION

TAUTOLOGY The needless repetition of an idea or information, especially in different words, but without imparting additional force or clarity (e.g., single bachelor).

TEARSHEET A page from a particular issue of a magazine, newspaper, or other periodical supplied by the publisher for use as a proof. A tearsheet shows the advertisement, article, story, etc., as it actually appears in the publication. Consequently, advertisers, advertising agencies, and contributors use them for checking purposes. See also PROOF PROOFREADER

TECHNICAL EDIT A detailed review of the content of a manuscript by one, whose education, training, study, and/or experience qualifies him to be called an expert in the field. Also called an expert reading. See also EDIT CONTENT EDIT EDITING FACT CHECK PEER REVIEW

TEMPLATE A standard layout that can be used when making page formats, laying out press sheets, or drawing illustrations. A template may be a physical object, such as an underlay for use on a light table, or an electronic file. In word processing and desktop publishing, template refers to a document in which most layout and formatting decisions have already been made. It is a pre-designed format for a new page of text and graphics. All that needs to be done is to enter the text or graphics. Some customization is usually possible. Using a template saves time and errors. Templates are also known as style sheets. See also FORMAT LAYOUT STYLE SHEET

TEMPORARY FONT A font that one downloads from a computer to a printer and which remains in the printer's memory until the printer is reset. See DOWNLOADABLE FONT FONT PERMANENT FONT

TERMINAL In typography, the enlarged extremity or end of a stroke, or the top of an ascender, as in letters like a, c, f, g, r, and y on serifed fonts. Terminals are classified as teardrop or lachrymal, pen-formed beak, or ball. See also BALLTERMINAL BEAK TERMINAL LETTER STROKE TAIL

TERMS A shortened version of purchase terms or terms of purchase. These includes the minimum required purchase value or quantity, purchase quantity necessary for price discount, delivery date, who is responsible for the expense of delivery, maximum payment period, early payment discount, and merchandise return policy. See also CASH DISCOUNT DISCOUNTS FREE ON BOARD FREIGHT ALLOWANCE NET SALES

TEXT In word processing and desktop publishing, the main body of material on a page or in a manuscript, book, newspaper, etc., in contrast to headlines, headings, footnotes, tables, appendixes, illustrations, or other elements. The main body of written or printed material of a publication. Words, sentences, paragraphs. The word, text, is also used in reference to text paper and text type. See also COPY GREEK TEXT HYPERTEXT TEXT PAPER TEXT TYPE VARIABLE TEXT

TEXT BLOCK The pages, excluding endpapers, that comprise the contents of a book. The contents of a book, including text, illustrations, etc., that are bound together. The term also denotes a page element - a section of text comprised of body copy that can be manipulated and moved independently of other text on the page. The width and depth of a text block can be adjusted to cause it to flow from one column to another to form a multi-column layout, or to begin on one page and end on another in the publication. Also called print box. See also COLUMN EDGES ENDPAPER IMAGE AREA

TEXT EDITION An edition of a book intended for use in the classroom. It usually is supplied without a jacket and is sold at a lower discount than available for the trade edition. See also EDITION EL-HI SHORT DISCOUNT TRADE EDITION JACKET

TEXT EDITOR Any simple word processing program that is designed for writing and editing text, such as letters or manuscripts, but dies not offer all of the features of a full-fledged word processing program. Windows Notepad is an example of a text editor. See also WORD PROCESSING WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE

TEXT ENTRY A phrase used to denote the act of entering text characters into a computer by means of a keyboard. See also CHARACTER KEYBOARDING TYPE

TEXT FILE A computer file composed of text characters. A text file can be in the form of a word processing file or a "plain" ASCII file. An ASCII file consists only of standard ASCII characters without control codes or characters from the extended character set. It is a format that most computers can use. see also ASCII FILE TEXT

TEXT PAPER Any grade of very high quality uncoated printing paper, whether white or colored. Text paper is available in a variety of weights and textures, such as laid or linen. See also LAID PAPER LINEN FINISH PAPER UNCOATED

TEXT TYPE A type style that resembles the hand-drawn letters of early scribes. Text type has heavy strokes with thin lines to decorate it. This style is called Old English type. Used sparingly, text type can be effective. It is used for formal and social printing, such as wedding invitations and cards. See also BLACK LETTER STROKE

The term also describes typefaces generally used for the main text of written material and captions. Generally, they are between 6 and 12 points in size and rarely larger than 14 point in size. In contrast, display type may be larger. Text type is also called body type. See also DISPLAY TYPE POINT TYPEFACE

TEXT WRAP Another term for wraparound. See WRAPAROUND

THEME ISSUE An issue of a publication in which articles address the same subject, whether health, nutrition, the new economy, travel, or another topic. Each article in the issue is devoted to some aspect of the overall subject chosen for that issue. A theme issue provides the advertising department with a strong argument with which to convince selected organizations that offer products relating to the theme, but do not regularly advertise in the publication, to purchase advertising space in the theme issue. For example, each September, many publications have a Back-To-School issue. See also ISSUE PERIODICAL

THERMAL PRINTER A type of nonimpact printer that uses heat to generate an image on special chemically-treated, heat-sensitive paper. The printer forms an image by bringing an array of electrically-heated pins into contact with the paper, which discolors when heated. No ribbons or ink are used. Terminal printers are inexpensive and are often used in low-end fax machines. Further, they are quiet and fast. However, the printing is of low quality and the paper tends to curl and fade with age. In addition, they require special paper. See also IMPACT PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER

THERMAL WAX-TRANSFER PRINTER A type of nonimpact printer that uses small heating elements to melt dots of wax-based pigment, which are transferred to paper to create colored images. Small heated pins touch a wide ribbon saturated with various colored wax-based pigments. The wax melts beneath the pins and adheres to the paper. Unlike the dye sublimation process, the individual dots produced by the thermal wax-transfer printer do not fuse together. As a result, thermal wax transfer printers provide lower resolution than do thermal dye-sublimation printers. See also NON-IMPACT PRINTER RESOLUTION

THERMOGRAPHY A printing process that creates an engraved look by fusing thick ink to paper. It gives a raised glossy image, as in stationery. The process involves dusting a printed image, previously printed with a slow-drying ink, with a resinous powder and the fusing the ink and powder in a heated chamber to form a raised image. See also EMBOSS EMBOSSING

THESAURUS A dictionary, encyclopedia, or other comprehensive reference book, especially a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms. A collection of words or concepts relating to, or associated with, a particular occupation, field of study, or field of activity, as exemplified by a thesaurus of legal or medical terminology. Also, a book that contains synonyms and antonyms of words. A thesaurus enables a user to quickly find the appropriate choice of word, or an alternative. See also DICTIONARY EXCEPTION DICTIONARY GLOSSARY NEOLOGISM

THIMBLE A type printing element that carries a full character set. Each individual character is mounted on a separate type bar, which projects from a central hub. Unlike a daisy wheel, the type bars on the thimble type element bend 90 degrees at their mid points. As a result, the type bars reach straight up, although the type facing lies flat. See also CHARACTER SET DAISY WHEEL DAISY-WHEEL PRINTER THIMBLE PRINTER

THIMBLE PRINTER An impact printer that uses a thimble as its printing element to produce printing of letter quality. Like a typewriter, it uses fully formed characters that strike the paper through a ribbon. The thimble printer is similar to a daisy wheel printer, except that the spokes on the type bars curve upward, instead of lying flat. See also DAISY-WHEEEL PRINTER LETTER-QUALITY THIMBLE

THINK PIECE A term that describes an essay or article that draws more heavily from the writer's own thinking than from outside information. See also ESSAY NONFICTION

THIN SPACE In typography and printing, a space equal in width to one-quarter of the point size of the font being used. A thin space in a 12-point font, for example, is 3 points wide. A thin space is normally the narrowest space used between words. The thin space was developed when hot metal was the popular form of typesetting and a minute amount of space was often needed to justify or center a line of type. However, it is rarely used today, except immediately before, or after, an em dash or en dash. See also EM DASH EN DASH FIXED PITCH FONT POINT

THIRTY A term that has traditionally been used to signify the end of manuscripts, newspapers articles and press releases. It is written as -30-.The origin of the practice is unknown. See also MANUSCRIPT PRESS RELEASE

THREE-PIECE CASE A cover of a hard book that has been made from three pieces of material, instead of one. A different material covers the spine than the front and back covers. The spine is usually covered with a cloth or other material that is sufficiently strong to enable it to serve as the hinge of the book. In contrast, the front and back covers (boards) make use of a less expensive paper. See also CASE COVER HINGE QUARTER BINDING SPINE

THREE-UP In printing, the imposition of three items on the same sheet in order to take better advantage of full capacity and minimize paper consumption by reducing loss due to scrap. See also EIGHT-UP FOUR-UP IMPOSITION UP

THUMB EDGE See FRONT

THUMBNAIL A designer's initial idea or sketch of a cover design, page layout, illustration, etc. A small, rough dummy (also called pork chop). Also, anything that is quite small, such as a short essay, a half column portrait in a newspaper, or a miniature display of a page to be printed. See also DUMMY LAYOUT

TIED LETTERS An alternative term for ligature. See LIGATURE

TIGHT A term descriptive of type that has been set so closely that almost no space is visible between characters. See also LETTERSPACING LOOSE TRACKING KERNING

TIGHT REGISTER A term for nearly exact register. See REGISTER

TILDE A diacritic appearing above a letter, as used in Spanish over the letter n to denote a palatal nasal sound. Also, a similar mark used in some dictionaries to indicate the omission of a syllable, word, or phrase. See also DIACRITICAL MARK

TIMES ROMAN A typeface designed by Stanley Morison in 1931 for The Times of London. It was developed as a means to reduce space of newspaper columns, while still affording legibility. Times Roman reproduces well at low resolutions, making it suitable as a font for laser printers. In addition, it has a traditional and elegant look. See also ARIAL COURIER FONT EGYPTIAN GARAMOND HELVETICA JENSON NEW CENTURY SCHOOLBOOK RESOLUTION SERIF TYPEFACE

TINT A solid color that has been screened to a value of less than 100%. This creates a lighter shade of that solid color. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the solid color. Also, the result of adding white to a solid color. When used as a verb, tint means to mean to screen a solid color by less than 100% to create a lighter shade. See also HUE SCREEN SHADE TONE

TIP In bookbinding, to paste the inner margin of a map, illustration, or other plate into a signature before gathering. For example, endsheets are tipped to other signatures in a sewn book. See also ENDSHEETS PLATE SIGNATURE

TIP-IN To insert a single page, or small publication, into a larger publication or book during the binding process, or subsequently, by affixing one edge of the insert with paste. The insert may be a foldout map or a pull-out pamphlet. The insertion may be performed by machine or hand. See also ADDENDUM ERRATA INSERT PAMPHLET

TISSUE OVERLAY A thin transparent paper placed over a piece of artwork or mechanical as protection or a means of marking corrections, color breaks or notes to the printer. See also MECHANICAL OVERLAY

TITLE A book publishing term for the name of a book or other published work. The term is also used in place of book, as exemplified by, "ten new titles were published this month." Also, a descriptive heading or caption, as of a chapter, section, or other part of a book. See also BYLINE CAPTION HALF TITLE IMPRINT WORKING TITLE

In addition, the term, title, refers to a popular serif typeface developed originally for the London Times. Its x-height is relatively large and, in comparison, its set is relatively narrow. See also SET X-HEIGHT

TITLE PAGE An important page within what is termed the front matter of a book or other publication. A title page contains the title and subtitle of the work, as well as the author's name and, usually, the publisher's name and address or cities where the latter maintains offices. In addition, the title page may contain the number of the edition or revision and date published, the publication number, editor's name, and the printer's name. See also AS-TOLD-TO CANCEL LEAF FRONTISPIECE FRONT MATTER HALF TITLE IMPRINT SUBTITLE TITLE VERSO

TITLE VERSO The page behind the title page. The verso page on which the publisher's name and address, dates printed, ISBN, and similar information, appear. See also ISBN TITLE PAGE VERSO

TLA Three-Letter Acronym. This refers to such acronyms as IMO, which stands for in my opinion. See also ACRONYM

TO KUM A notation in the margin of copy, and sometimes in the copy itself, to indicate that another element, a particular fact, or a figure, will be added later when available. Sometimes abbreviated as t/k.

TONAL RANGE The range of gradation between the brightest tone and the darkest tone in a photograph or offset lithographic print. See also CONTINUOUS TONE GRADATION HALFTONE LITHOGRAPHY

TONE In graphic arts, a specific tint of color. A hue. The distinctive quality by which colors differ from one another, apart from purity or intensity of color. Also termed shade or value. See also BRIGHTNESS COLOR MODEL TINT

TONER A dry, powdered, black pigment that is used in photocopy machines and in laser, LED, and LCD printers to create images on paper. Toner appears as a dry, powdery substance, but consists of minute particles of electrically charged resin and carbon black, which are electrically charged so that they adhere to an oppositely charged drum, plate, or piece of paper. The toner is applied to an electrostatically charged drum to form the image and subsequently transferred to the paper and fused by a heating element. The toner used by most laser printers comes in a cartridge that one inserts into the printer. When empty, the cartridge may be replaced or refilled. One can typically print thousands of pages with a single cartridge. See also LASER PRINTER PIGMENT TONER

TOOLING In bookbinding, tooled ornamentation or decorative impressions created on the cover of a book with a tool or tools using gold leaf or another decorative material. See also DEBOSS EMBOSS FILLET GILT TOP METALLIC INK

TOOTH/TOOTHINESS A term used to describe the slightly rough finish of paper, such as antique or vellum, which enables it to accept printing ink readily. See also VELLUM FINISH

TOP STAINING See EDGE STAINING

TOS An acronym for temporarily out of stock. It is marked on invoices when the merchandise for part of an order is temporarily unavailable and cannot be supplied. See also BACK ORDER INVOICE SYMBOLS

TRACK To adjust letter spacing by compressing an entire block of text to cause all of the letters to move closer together. In computer applications, track also refers to one of the closed, concentric rings on a disk. See also TRACKING LETTERSPACING TEXT BLOCK

TRACKBALL A computer input device similar in function to a mouse. The trackball, which has been described as a mouse "on its back" or an "upside-down mouse," consists of a ball that the user rotates in its frame, in order to move the cursor or pointer around the computer screen. The user rotates the trackball with his fingers or the palm of his hand. See also CURSOR INPUT DEVICE MOUSE

TRACKING The act or process of manually adjusting the overall amount of space between words and letters in order to fit them into a given space. Tracking can tighten or loosen the letterspacing and increase or decrease word density. It can be used in combination with scaling. Because tracking is used for overall fitting of blocks of type, it does not offer the fine control of kerning. It is often required with "justified" type to eliminate the rivers of white space within text. Also, widows, orphans, and bad word-breaks can be removed with tracking. Tracking is also used in reference to the overall spacing between letters and can tight or loose. See also KERNING LETTERSPACING ORPHAN RIVER SCALING WIDOW

TRACTOR FEED A printer-feed mechanism that uses toothed gears (sprocket wheels) to pull (or push) continuous form paper forward in a dot-matrix computer printer. The teeth fit into the prepunched holes along the edges of the paper. Because a dot-matrix printer uses continuous form paper, it is necessary to spend time after printing to separate the pages. See also CONTINUOUS-PAPER DOT-MATRIX PRINTER FRICTION FEED PAPER FEED PIN FEED

TRADE A term that, in the book publishing industry, refers to retail bookstores, rather than wholesalers, jobbers, chain variety stores, newspaper and magazine stores, and other retail outlets for which books or other publications are secondary to their main business. See also BOOK TRADE TRADE EDITION

TRADE EDITION The edition of a book that is intended for general distribution through book stores. It contrasts with text, library, and book club editions or editions produced for private distribution or other specialized markets. See also EDITION LIBRARY EDITION TRADE PAPERBACK

TRADE LIST A publisher's price list. The publisher's list of the titles and prices, which it offers. R.R. Bowker Company compiles the trade lists of most American publishers each year to create the multiple volume Publishers Trade List Annual. See also LIST PRICE PUBLISHERS TRADE LIST ANNUAL

TRADEMARK Any word, phrase, name, figure, symbol, design, shape, color, or combination thereof, used by a manufacturer or other business enterprise to identify a proprietary product and differentiate it from others. The mark or name under which a firm does business. The trademark is often accompanied by TM or R. In order to assure exclusivity of use, the owner usually registers the trademark with a governmental agency. By indicating the source of the product or service, a trademark protects its manufacturer from the risk of another business attempting to represent its goods as that of the first company. Further, it assures consumers of a certain expected quality. In most countries, a trademark is considered to be the property of the holder. As a result, unauthorized use of the trademark violates the holder's private property right, as well as constituting misrepresentation and fraud. The word, trademark, also means to place a trademark designation upon (something) or, alternatively, to register the mark. See also COPYRIGHT DEVICE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTERCAP LOGO WATERMARK

TRADE PAPERBACK A quality paperback or softcover book, rather than a mass market paperback that is printed on less expensive paper. Trade paperbacks are intended for sale by bookstores. They are not suited to, or intended for, mass market outlets, such as newsstands, variety stores, and supermarkets. They are usually more expensive than mass-market paperbacks. In the beginning, they had a larger format than mass market paperbacks and were printed on more expensive paper, which resulted in a higher selling price. Trade paperbacks were mainly available directly from publishers, rather than wholesalers or jobbers, and were sold to bookstores with terms similar to those available for hardback trade books. In contrast, a mass-market paperback is usually 4" × 7" in dimensions, relatively low-priced, and often distributed by wholesalers or jobbers. See also MASS MARKET PAPERBACK PAPERBACK QUALITY PAPERBACK

TRADE PUBLISHER A company that publishes books primarily for the book trade (i.e., bookstores and libraries). See also TRADE EDITION TRADE PAPERBACK

TRANSFER TYPE Sheets of characters, numerals, borders or symbols that may be added to the layout for headlines and titles. Transfer type consists of sheets of letters, usually printed on a translucent paper, which can be rubbed off onto another surface, such as paper. It is also known as press-on type.

Transfer type is sold on acetate sheets, which contain a number of sets of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. There are two general types available. In one type, a character is transferred to the new paper or board by rubbing a pencil or burnisher over the acetate. The character, which is affixed to the underside of the acetate sheet, is released and adheres to the new paper or board positioned below it. In the second type of transfer type, the characters are printed on a sheet of sticky acetate, which is mounted on a heavier transparent backing. One cuts around the printed character, lifts it from the backing, and places it where it is needed. See also ACETATE CHARACTER SYMBOL

TRANSITIONAL A general term given to post-Renaissance period font styles. These fonts are somewhat lighter and more delicate than the classical forms that preceded them. Examples of the transitional style include Baskerville and Times. See also FONT

TRANSLATION RIGHTS Another term for foreign language rights. See FOREIGN LANGUAGE RIGHTS

TRANSPARENCY A full color positive on transparent film. A photographically produced image (color photograph) on a transparent medium. The opposite of a color negative. See also FILM NEGATIVE POSITIVE

TRANSPARENT INK Any printing ink that does not conceal the colors beneath it, but blends with them to form intermediate colors. This describes process inks. See also FOUR COLOR PROCESS INK OPAQUE INK PROCESS COLOR

TRANSPOSE To reorder the sequence of characters, words, or sentences. To exchange the positions of letters, words, phrases, sentences, or images. Some word processing programs facilitate this with the use of particular commands. See also ASCENDING ORDER DESCENDING ORDER

TRAP To print one ink or color over another ink or color that buts against the first in order to avoid a thin white line between the two colors. The darker of the two colors is printed over the lighter one. Also, the area of overlap between different colors of an ink in color printing to prevent unintended space between them. The types of traps include chokes and spreads. See also BUTT FIT CHOKE SPREAD TRAPPING

TRAPPING The prepress technique of overlapping adjoining colors in type or artwork in order to minimize the likelihood of leaving a space between them that would appear as a thin white line on the printed sheet. Although printing equipment is accurate; paper stretches, curls, or twists as it travels through the press. Also, colors can slip on the press during long printing runs. As a result, perfect registration is impossible.. Misregistration is apparent if the white paper is visible between two adjoining color, or if there is no space between two overlapping colors, but a third color is produced by the overlap. Trapping compensates for this by adjusting the artwork. If it is done properly, the registration may be off slightly, but not noticeably. The area of the overlap is called a trap. When creating the trap, the lighter color may be spread (made slightly larger) or the darker color choked (made slightly smaller). Some software can create traps automatically. See also CHOKE DRY TRAPPING POOR TRAPPING SPREAD WET TRAPPING

TRAVELER A publisher's sales representative. Also known as publisher's representative or rep. See PUBLISHER'S REP

TRIM In printing, to cut a finished (printed) product to its correct size. To remove excess paper from the border of a publication after the printing and binding operations. Printed sheets carry marks to show where trimming cuts must be made. In editing and writing, trim means to shorten or reduce the length of copy. It implies a less severe reduction than do the words cut or chop. See also FINISHING OPERATIONS GUILLOTINE UNOPENED

TRIM EDGE See FRONT

TRIM LINE See TRIM MARKS

TRIM MARKS Vertical or horizontal lines near the edges of a layout or mechanical art that indicate where the where to cut (trim) the page after printing. Trim marks are similar to crop marks. See BLEED ALLOWANCE CROP MARKS. LAYOUT MECHANICAL TRIM

TRIM SIZE The size of a page after it has been trimmed to its final dimension. See also GATEFOLD TRIM

TRUE COLOR A term used in reference to the display of colors on a screen by a device or software that uses at lease 24 bits to represent each dot or pixel. This permits more than 16 million colors to be displayed. However, the human eye can differentiate only a few million colors. Therefore, 24 bits enables any color to be displayed that the eye can distinguish. See also BIT BIT DEPTH COLOR MODEL PALETTE PIXEL

TRUETYPE An outline font developed originally in 1991 by Apple, but supported today in both Windows and Macintosh. It makes it possible to include high-grade fonts in the Macintosh and Windows operating systems. TrueType is a competing format to PostScript fonts. Since introduction, it has become the leading font technology for everyday use and is replacing PostScript in many instances. TrueType fonts can be scaled to practically any point size. Its technology describes fonts in terms of vector graphics, rather than bitmap graphics in bitmap fonts. TrueType is a WYSIWYG font technology. The TrueType fonts one sees on screen are exactly the same as those that are printed. See also BITMAPPED FONT GLYPH OUTLINE FONT POSTSCRIPT WYSIWYG

TUMBLE LANDSCAPE An upside down landscape orientation of paper. That is, a landscape orientation rotated by 180 degrees. An inverse landscape orientation. See also INVERSE LANDSCAPE ORIENTATION LANDSCAPE ORIENTATION

TUMBLE PORTRAIT An upside down portrait orientation of paper. That is, a portrait orientation rotated by 180 degrees. Also called inverse portrait orientation. See also PORTRAIT ORIENTATION

TURTLEBACK A term to describe the library binding of a mass market paperback that has a generic hardcover, usually colored, to which the front cover of the original book is glued. See also LIBRARY BINDING MASS MARKET PAPERBACK

TWIN WIRE A term that describes a paper whose two sides possess an identical smooth finish. See also PAPER

TWIP An acronym for twentieth of a point, a unit or measurement in typesetting and desktop publishing. One twip is equal to one-twentieth of a point or 1/1440th of an inch. See also POINT

TWO-SIDED PAPER Another term for duplex paper. See DUPLEX PAPER

TWO-UP In printing, the imposition of two items on the same sheet in order to take better advantage of full capacity and minimize paper consumption by reducing loss due to scrap. See also EIGHT-UP FOUR-UP IMPOSITION UP

TYPE In printing, the characters that comprise printed text. The complete set of characters for a given size and style (font). This includes all letters, numbers. punctuation marks and other symbols that can be printed. Type also means to enter characters by pressing keys on the keyboard. During the early days of printing, type was used in reference to a block of wood or metal that had a raised surface in the shape of a letter or symbol. See also DATA ENTRY FONT KEYBOARD TYPEFACE

TYPE BALL A metal ball-shaped device on a printer or typewriter that carries all characters of a character set on its surface. The device rotates to point the right character toward the paper and ribbon before striking the paper. See also CHARACTER SET DAISEY WHEEL

TYPE DESIGN The art of designing letterforms. See LETTERFORM TYPOGRAPHY

TYPEFACE Originally, the raised surface cast in metal that carries the image of a type character. The term now is used in reference to a complete set of characters comprising a family and created in a particular and consistent design or style. This includes all letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special characters. An individual typeface is named after its typeface family and further specified by a designation, such as italic, bold, or condensed. For instance, Arial Italic is a typeface. A typeface differs from a font, which is a specific size of a typeface, such as 12-point Arial Italic. Further, a typeface differs from a typeface family, which is a group of related typefaces, such as the Helvetica family, including Helvetica, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Oblique, and Helvetica Bold Oblique. In contrast, Times Roman, Helvetica, and Courier are examples of families.

There are thousands of typefaces available, each with its variations. However, two dozen typefaces account for 90 percent of all type set. Professional graphics artists rarely use more than two typefaces in one document - one for display type and one for body type. See also FONT FONT FAMILY ORNAMENT ROMAN SANS SERIF TYPEFACE WEIGHT X-HEIGHT

TYPE FAMILY All the characters that belong to a particular typeface. Type family is the collection of typefaces that were designed together, including all variations, such as uppercase and lowercase roman, upper and lowercase italic, and possibly small capitals. Each of these may come in bolded and unbolded. In addition, there may be more than one level of bolding (i.e., without bold, semi-without bold). Each style and weight combination is known as a face. There may be more than a dozen different faces, depending on the font chosen. The type family is often named after its designer. The term, type family, is also known as typeface family or font family. See also FONT TYPEFACE

TYPE FONT See FONT

TYPE GAUGE Another name for line gauge, a ruler used by typesetters for measuring type. See LINE GAUGE

TYPE METAL An alloy of lead, antimony, and tin used to make type characters for printing. Metal type began to be used during the first half of the 15th century. The properties desired for the different typecasting and printing processes were achieved by varying the proportions of the different metals. Because it is easily cast, type metal was also used to make candlesticks, statuettes, and other decorative objects. See also HOT METAL TYPESETTING

TYPEOVER MODE A word processing text-entry mode in which newly entered characters replace existing text under (or to the left of) the cursor as they are typed. .Also called overtype mode or overwrite mode.

TYPE PAGE That area of a page or layout that includes all printed elements, including running heads, running footers, and folios. Margins are not part of the type page. See also FOLIO RUNNING FOOT RUNNING HEAD

TYPESCRIPT A typed manuscript. A typed book, literary composition, article, or similar document, which was written on a word processor or typewriter. Any typewritten, rather than handwritten or printed, material. See also MANUSCRIPT

TYPE SERIES In typesetting, a term to denote all sizes of a particular face that the printer has available. For example, the printer may have fonts of 10-point and 12- point for body copy on hand and 20-point, 32-point, and 40-point for display. However, photo composition eliminates the restriction imposed by size. As long as the printer has a disk for the specific typeface, he can normally use it in several different sizes. See also COPYFITTING SCALABLE FONT

TYPESETTER An individual or company that sets type. Also, a machine that generates high-resolution text and graphics. The typesetter can produce the high-quality output needed to produce professional-looking printed matter. Professional digital typesetters, which output onto photographic paper, have printing resolutions in the range of 700 dpi to 5000 dpi. A typesetter is the same as an imagesetter. See also DPI IMAGESETTER RESOLUTION TYPE

TYPESETTING The act or process of arranging individual characters of a typeface in words, sentences, paragraphs, etc., for the purpose of printing and/or publishing. When hot metal was used, each size required a separate font. However, in digital typesetting, fonts are replaced by a bitmap, which describes the outlines of the lettershapes (in the right size), which are then filled electronically. In phototypesetting, fonts are replaced by negatives from which lenses create the required size. Typesetting also refers to the production of camera-ready copy on a high-end imagesetting machine, such as a Linotronic or Varityper. See also CAMERA-READY COPY IMAGESETTING JUSTIFIED TYPE LINOTRONIC OVERSET RESOLUTION

TYPE SIZE The size of printed characters. This is the distance from the top of the tallest ascender to the bottom of the lowest descender. Originally, type size was the height of the face of the metal block on which each individual letter was cast. In digital type, it is the height of the rectangle that defines the space available to the particular letter, rather than the height of the letter itself. Type sizes are normally measured in points. (A point is approximately 1/72 inch.) In Europe, type sizes are often given in Didot points. These are 7% larger than the points used in Great Britain and North America. See also ASCENDER CHARACTER DESCENDER NON-PAREIL PICA PITCH POINT

Type sizes generally range from 4-point to 144-point. However, a number of studies have concluded that the size of body type best suited to reading is from 9-point to 12-point. In fact, many typesetting machines set type only as large as 72-point. The most common point sizes of type are 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24, 30, 42, 48, 60, and 72. From 48-points and greater, sizes increase by 12 point increments. Type sizes used for body main text usually range from 6 to 14 points. This is called body type or text type. Larger sizes, termed display type, are frequently used for headings or headlines. The sizes in common use appear below by application:

• classified-ad type 5½ or 6
• bodytype 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14
• display type 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72.
• poster type 96, 120, 144 and above.